The acute effects of stretching on pennation angle and force production

PURPOSE: This study was designed to investigate the acute effects of stretching on pennation angle of the Medial Gastrocnemius and maximal voluntary isotonic plantar flexion. METHODS: 24 healthy college age subjects (14 female, 10 male, age 19-30) completed four trials using a randomized crossover design. Trials consisted of assessing the maximal voluntary isotonic contraction (MVC) and pennation angle (PA) before and after each treatment. Treatments consisted of either stretching (S) or mock stretching (MS). The S treatment involved four 30 second periods of stretching with 15 seconds of rest in between. During the MS treatment subjects were maintained in the same relative position as the S treatment, but were not stretched. RESULTS: There were no significant changes observed in PA from pre to post measurements, though during stretch PA was significantly reduced (p≤0.05). MVC was significantly reduced in the S treatments (p≤0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Stretching had little lasting effect on PA, while MVC was significantly reduced. This finding indicates PA is likely not strongly linked to the MVC reductions observed following stretching

Produksi Film Dokumenter Sebagai Sutradara dan Penulis Naskah "The Hidden Guardians: Wayang Jimat and The Spirit Realm"

Film dokumenter ini menggali keunikan praktik Wayang Jimat di Dusun Kedakan, sebuah desa kecil di Pulau Jawa, Indonesia, dan menyoroti upaya pelestarian warisan budaya ini dalam menghadapi zaman modern. Wayang Jimat adalah tradisi spiritual yang menghubungkan masyarakat dengan warisan leluhur mereka melalui boneka wayang yang diyakini memiliki kekuatan magis. Dokumenter ini dimulai dengan penelusuran sejarah Wayang Jimat, menceritakan peran dan makna dalam kehidupan masyarakat Dusun Kedakan. Melalui wawancara mendalam dengan tokoh masyarakat, ahli budaya, dan praktisi kepercayaan setempat, kita mendapatkan wawasan tentang bagaimana Wayang Jimat tidak hanya menjadi sarana perlindungan spiritual tetapi juga cermin dari identitas budaya lokal. Film ini bukan hanya sebuah dokumenter tentang keunikan seni dan spiritualitas lokal tetapi juga menjadi panggilan untuk menjaga keberlanjutan budaya tradisional di tengah tantangan global. Dengan berfokus pada keunikan Wayang Jimat di Dusun Kedakan, film ini memberikan perspektif yang mendalam dan menginspirasi tentang bagaimana warisan lokal dapat bertahan dan berkembang dalam perubahan zaman.This documentary delves into the unique practice of Wayang Jimat in Dusun Kedakan, a small village in Java, Indonesia, shedding light on efforts to preserve this cultural heritage in the face of modern times. Wayang Jimat is a spiritual tradition that connects the community with their ancestral heritage through wayang puppets believed to possess magical powers. The documentary commences with an exploration of the history of Wayang Jimat, narrating its roles and significance in the lives of the people of Dusun Kedakan. Through in-depth interviews with community figures, cultural experts, and local practitioners, we gain insights into how Wayang Jimat serves not only as a means of spiritual protection but also as a mirror reflecting the local cultural identity. This film is not just a documentary about the uniqueness of local art and spirituality but also serves as a call to preserve traditional culture amidst global challenges. By focusing on the uniqueness of Wayang Jimat in Dusun Kedakan, the film provides a profound and inspiring perspective on how local heritage can endure and thrive amid changing times

The 1674 Ambon Tsunami: Extreme Run-Up Caused by an Earthquake-Triggered Landslide

We present an analysis of the oldest detailed account of tsunami run-up in Indonesia, that of the 1674 Ambon tsunami (Rumphius in Waerachtigh Verhael van de Schuckelijcke Aerdbebinge, BATAVIA, Dutch East Indies, 1675). At 100 m this is the largest run-up height ever documented in Indonesia, and with over 2300 fatalities even in 1674, it ranks as one of Indonesia's most deadly tsunami disasters. We consider the plausible sources of earthquakes near Ambon that could generate a large, destructive tsunami, including the Seram Megathrust, the South Seram Thrust, and faults local to Ambon. We conclude that the only explanation for the extreme run-up observed on the north coast of Amon is a tsunami generated by an earthquake-triggered coastal landslide. We use a two-layer tsunami model to show that a submarine landslide, with an approximate volume of 1 km3, offshore the area on Ambon's northern coast, between Seith and Hila, where dramatic changes in coastal landscape were observed can explain the observed tsunami run-up along the coast. Thus, the 1674 Ambon tsunami adds weight to the evidence from recent tsunamis, including the 1992 Flores, 2018 Palu and Sunda Strait tsunamis, that landslides are an important source of tsunami hazard in Indonesia

Modelling of historical tsunami in eastern Indonesia: 1674 Ambon and 1992 Flores case studies

In order to reliably assess tsunami hazard in eastern Indonesia, we need to understand how historical events were generated. Here we consider two such events: the 1674 Ambon and the 1992 Flores tsunamis. Firstly, Ambon Island suffered a devastating earthquake that generated a tsunami with 100 m run-up height on the north coast of the island in 1674. However, there is no known active fault around the island capable of generating such a gigantic wave. Rumphius' report describes that the initial wave was coming from three villages that collapsed immediately after the earthquake with width as far as a musket shot. Moreover, a very high tsunami was only observed locally. We suspect that a submarine landslide was the main cause of the gigantic tsunami on the north side of Ambon Island. Unfortunately, there is no data available to confirm if landslide have occurred in this region. Secondly, several tsunami source models for the 1992 Flores event have been suggested. However, the fault strike is quite different compare to the existing Flores back-arc thrust and has not been well validated against a tide gauge waveform at Palopo, Sulawesi. We considered a tsunami model based on Griffin, et al., 2015, extended with high resolution bathymetry laround Palopo, in order to validate the latest tsunami source model available. In general, the model produces a good agreement with tsunami waveforms, but arrives 10 minutes late compared to observed data. In addition, the source overestimates the tsunami inundation west of Maumere, and does not account for the presumed landslide tsunami on the east side of Flores Island.This research was partially funded by the Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (DFAT) through the Australian Awards Scholarship and Research School of Earth Sciences, the Australian National University’s student grant

PERENCANAAN DAN EVALUASI STIMULASI PEREKAHAN HIDRAULIK METODA PILAR PROPPANT PADA SUMUR R LAPANGAN Y

Sumur RY-309 memiliki nilai watercut 100% pada lapisan Baturaja. Hal tersebutmembuat dilakukannya KUPL unutk membuka formasi Telisa. Formasi Telisa beradapada interval 3110-3130ft. Permeabilitas dari sumur tersebut sebesar 4 mD, nilai tersebutdiambil dari permeabilitas sumur sekitar. Formasi Telisa memiliki tekanan sebesar 700 psidi kedalam 3113 ft. Karena nilai permeability kecil dan kecilnya aliran yang dihasilkansetelah dilakukan pindah lapisan, diputuskan untuk melakukan proses stimulasi sumuryaitu hydraulic fracturing. Metoda yang digunakan ialah metoda pillar proppant fracturing.Metoda ini dipilih untuk memaksimalkan potensi sumur dengan menlakukan injeksi fluidauntuk merekahkan formasi, dan mengisinya dengan proppant untuk menahan clossurepressure dari formasi tersebut. Hasil pelaksanaan main frac menggunakan desain yangtelah direncanakan ulang ternyata tidak jauh melenceng dari target perkiraan desain itusendiri. Hal ini dapat ditinjau dari perolehan dimensionless fracture conductivity (Fcd)sebesar 66 dan frac conductivity sebesar 80722 mD.f

PENGARUH PROPORSI TOMAT DAN PULP KULIT PISANG KEPOK TERHADAP SIFAT FISIKOKIMIA DAN ORGANOLEPTIK LEATHER TOMAT-PULP KULIT PISANG KEPOK

Tomatoes are one of agricultural commodities that have high economic value and produced throughout the year. Tomatoes production year to year always increase and reached 950.385 ton in 2011. Number of tomatoes products is still very limited providing opportunities utilization of tomatoes into fruit leather products. Fruit leather containing 10-15% of water in a form of thin sheet that can be rolled. The quaskin pulp lity of good fruit leather is plasticy, elastic, and has a good gel form of which is determined by some components especially pectin, sugar and acid. Tomato leather which is produced with 100% tomato can not form a solid gel because pectin content in tomato is 4,63%. Therefore pectin from saba banana skin pulp is added to get a good result of it. Saba banana skin pulp has a high pectin content. Pectin content in saba banana skin pulp is 5,5%. The research design used was Randomized Group Design consisting one factor which is the proportion of tomatoes and saba banana skin pulp (100%:0%; 90%:10%; 80%:20%; 70%:30%; 60%:40%; 50%:50%). The parameters analyzed include physicochemical properties (moisture content, aw, texture (flexibility), pH, and colour) and the organoleptic properties (preference for texture, colour, and flavor). The proportion use of tomato increased moisture content, texture (gel strenght), on the other hand decreasing pH, lightness, redness, and yellowness of leather. The best proportion of tomato and banana skin pulp was at 70:30 which had pH 3.38, moisture content 11.79%, texture (gel strenght) 1.12 kg, lightness 43.8, redness 28.01, yellowness 18.9 with sensory scores of flavor, color, and texture were 5.2, 5.95, and 5 respectively with score 1-7

EVALUASI EFEK ANTI-DIABETES MELITUS EKSTRAK TERPURIFIKASI Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Nees DAN ANDROGRAFOLID DENGAN PARAMETER INDEKS HOMA-IR

Diabetes mellitus type 2 was induced by high fat diet and fructose. The insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia compensatory can be measured by index homeostatic model assessment – insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Nees is a traditional plant can be used to treat diabetes mellitus and the main active compound of this plant is Andrographolide. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of purified extract of Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Nees and andrographolide on HOMA-IR index of High fat diet and fructose induced Wistar Rats. This study is quasi-experimental and data analysis was using Kruskal-Wallis test. The result showed that purified extract of Andrographis paniculata and andrographolide decreased HOMA-IR index. Purified extract of Andrographis paniculata 1303,8 mg/kg decreased HOMA-IR index by 82,05 %.Diabetes mellitus (DM) tipe 2 dipicu oleh diet tinggi lemak dan fruktosa (DTLF) dan diawali dengan resistensi insulin dan hiperinsulinemia kompensatori, yang dapat dilihat dari indeks homeostatic model assessment – insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Salah satu tanaman tradisional yang dapat digunakan untuk mengatasi DM adalah Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Nees, dengan senyawa aktif utama andrografolid. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek ekstrak terpurifikasi A. paniculata dan andrografolid pada indeks HOMA-IR tikus Wistar dengan DTLF. Penelitian bersifat kuasi-eksperimental dan analisis data menggunakan uji Kruskal-Wallis. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak terpurifikasi A. paniculata dan andrografolid dapat menurunkan indeks HOMA-IR, dan penurunan terbesar (82,05%) dihasilkan oleh ekstrak terpurifikasi A. paniculata dengan dosis 1303,8 mg/kgBB

Cross-Species Array Comparative Genomic Hybridization Identifies Novel Oncogenic Events in Zebrafish and Human Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma

Human cancer genomes are highly complex, making it challenging to identify specific drivers of cancer growth, progression, and tumor maintenance. To bypass this obstacle, we have applied array comparative genomic hybridization (array CGH) to zebrafish embryonal rhabdomyosaroma (ERMS) and utilized cross-species comparison to rapidly identify genomic copy number aberrations and novel candidate oncogenes in human disease. Zebrafish ERMS contain small, focal regions of low-copy amplification. These same regions were commonly amplified in human disease. For example, 16 of 19 chromosomal gains identified in zebrafish ERMS also exhibited focal, low-copy gains in human disease. Genes found in amplified genomic regions were assessed for functional roles in promoting continued tumor growth in human and zebrafish ERMS – identifying critical genes associated with tumor maintenance. Knockdown studies identified important roles for Cyclin D2 (CCND2), Homeobox Protein C6 (HOXC6) and PlexinA1 (PLXNA1) in human ERMS cell proliferation. PLXNA1 knockdown also enhanced differentiation, reduced migration, and altered anchorage-independent growth. By contrast, chemical inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling reduced angiogenesis and tumor size in ERMS-bearing zebrafish. Importantly, VEGFA expression correlated with poor clinical outcome in patients with ERMS, implicating inhibitors of the VEGF pathway as a promising therapy for improving patient survival. Our results demonstrate the utility of array CGH and cross-species comparisons to identify candidate oncogenes essential for the pathogenesis of human cancer

Tsunami risk communication and management: Contemporary gaps and challenges

Very large tsunamis are associated with low probabilities of occurrence. In many parts of the world, these events have usually occurred in a distant time in the past. As a result, there is low risk perception and a lack of collective memories, making tsunami risk communication both challenging and complex. Furthermore, immense challenges lie ahead as population and risk exposure continue to increase in coastal areas. Through the last decades, tsunamis have caught coastal populations off-guard, providing evidence of lack of preparedness. Recent tsunamis, such as the Indian Ocean Tsunami in 2004, 2011 Tohoku and 2018 Palu, have shaped the way tsunami risk is perceived and acted upon. Based on lessons learned from a selection of past tsunami events, this paper aims to review the existing body of knowledge and the current challenges in tsunami risk communication, and to identify the gaps in the tsunami risk management methodologies. The important lessons provided by the past events call for strengthening community resilience and improvement in risk-informed actions and policy measures. This paper shows that research efforts related to tsunami risk communication remain fragmented. The analysis of tsunami risk together with a thorough understanding of risk communication gaps and challenges is indispensable towards developing and deploying comprehensive disaster risk reduction measures. Moving from a broad and interdisciplinary perspective, the paper suggests that probabilistic hazard and risk assessments could potentially contribute towards better science communication and improved planning and implementation of risk mitigation measures

Inhomogeneous Big Bang Nucleosynthesis and the High Baryon Density Suggested by Boomerang and MAXIMA

The recent Boomerang and MAXIMA data on the cosmic microwave background suggest a large value for the baryonic matter density of the universe, omega_b = 0.03. This density is larger than allowed by standard big bang nucleosynthesis theory and observations on the abundances of the light elements. We explore here the possibility of accommodating this high density in inhomogeneous big bang nucleosynthesis (IBBN). It turns out that in IBBN the observed D and Y_p values are quite consistent with this high density. However, IBBN is not able to reduce the 7Li yield by more than about a factor of two. For IBBN to be the solution, one has to accept that the 7Li plateau in population II halo stars is depleted from the primordial abundance by at least a factor of two.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures, submitted to PR